Accidents and inicidents. Courts and public defender. County Attorney. Sheriff. Detention and correctional facilities. Probation. Warrants, arrests and bookings. Victim & witness services. Increasing your safety. Contact Recorder's Office. * Indicates a required field. Name *. Email *. Phone number. Would you like someone to contact you? Yes. No. Your comments or questions *.Contact Property Tax, Records & Election Services. * Indicates a required field. Name *. Email *. Phone number. Would you like someone to contact you?Pay $20 cash, check or money order payable to Ramsey County. We NOW accept credit or debit cards. Your commission card will be returned to you as registered in Ramsey County. Location. Plato Building. Hours. Please arrive 1/2 hour prior to closing to ensure services. Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday, Friday: 8 a.m. - 4:30 p.m. Thursday: 8 a.m. – 7 p.m.Ramsey County Divorce Records are legal documents relating to a couple's divorce in Ramsey County, Minnesota. They include the divorce papers that the couple files in Ramsey County Court, as well as any records created during the divorce procedure, and a divorce certificate. Minnesota State also collects and indexes divorce filings to help ... Ramsey County's departments are organized into four Service Teams and a Strategic Team. The Information and Public Records Service Team consists of the following departments: Communications & Public Relations. County Assessor. Information Services. Property Tax, Records & Election Services.Taxes & Values. Delinquent tax information. Homestead. Pay your property tax. Property tax exemptions. Property tax notices. Property value and assessment. Tax calculators and rates. Productive Properties (tax-forfeited land) information. Perform a free Ramsey County, ND public record search, including arrest, birth, business, contractor, court, criminal, death, divorce, employee, genealogy, GIS, inmate, jail, land, marriage, police, property, sex offender, tax, vital, and warrant records searches. The Ramsey County Public Record links below open in a new window and take you to ...State Archives at the Minnesota Historical Society preserves Ramsey County civil case files for the years 1858-1902 (file nos. 1-78,050) and pre-1953 criminal files. For assistance with the records preserved in the State Archives, researchers may contact Library staff at (651) 259-3300 or by email . Online access to maps, real estate data, tax information, and appraisal data. Ramsey County Recorder’s Office PO Box 64099 Saint Paul, MN 55164-0099. If you are using a delivery service, please direct them to our physical address: Ramsey County Recorder’s Office 90 Plato Blvd W Saint Paul, MN 55107. In person Drop off the documents at secure form drop-off locations.Contact Property Tax, Records & Election Services. * Indicates a required field. Name *. Email *. Phone number. Would you like someone to contact you?In this spirit, we are partnering with the Washington County Attorney’s Office to ensure our residents have access to justice after they’ve completed their sentence by proactively helping people seal their criminal records at no cost to them. - Ramsey County Attorney John Choi. Apply to seal your record. According to the FBI, nearly one in ...Pay $20 cash, check or money order payable to Ramsey County. We NOW accept credit or debit cards. Your commission card will be returned to you as registered in Ramsey County. Location. Plato Building. Hours. Please arrive 1/2 hour prior to closing to ensure services. Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday, Friday: 8 a.m. - 4:30 p.m. Thursday: 8 a.m. – 7 p.m. Recommended and prepared by: Minnesota County Recorder’s Association Revised: 09-19-2022 . Document Standards Minnesota Statutes 507.093 — Standards for Documents to be Recorded or Filed (In Part) The following standards are imposed on documents to be recorded with the County Recorder or Registrar of Titles:Ramsey County's departments are organized into four Service Teams and a Strategic Team. The Information and Public Records Service Team consists of the following departments: Communications & Public Relations. County Assessor. Information Services. Property Tax, Records & Election Services.Recorder's Office . 651-266-2050. Contact form. Department Information. How do I...? Get help. Resources for users in crisis; Apply. ... Connect with Ramsey County.Founded October 27, 1849. For its first 100 years as a political entity, the history of Ramsey County was mostly the history of Saint Paul, the county seat and the capital of Minnesota. Fort Snelling, positioned nearby at the confluence of the Mississippi and Minnesota Rivers, dates from 1820, a time when the area’s Euro-American inhabitants ...County Recorder 400 Benson Avenue Southwest Willmar, MN 56201 320-231-6223 www.kcmn.us. Kittson. County Recorder 410 South Fifth Street, Suite 202 Hallock, MN 56728 218-843-2842 www.co.kittson.mn.us. Koochiching. County Recorder 715 Fourth Street International Falls, MN 56649 218-283-1193 www.co.koochiching.mn.us. Top of page. L Lac qui Parle ...Ramsey County's departments are organized into four Service Teams and a Strategic Team. The Information and Public Records Service Team consists of the following departments: Communications & Public Relations. County Assessor. Information Services. Property Tax, Records & Election Services. Aug 23, 2023 · Under Minn. Stat. 507.071, transfer on death deeds must: - convey or assign an interest in real property (subd. 2) - name one or more grantee beneficiaries (subds. 2 and 4) - explicitly state that it takes effect at the death of the named grantor owner (s) - comply with other Minnesota deed requirements including joinder of spouse in conveying ... ramsey county records mn, ramsey county property tax lookup mn, free minnesota public court records, ramsey county property records, ramsey county criminal records, ramsey county property records and revenue, ramsey county deed records, ramsey county court records Incognita in Savigny's famous successor, crowned with unexpectedly losing it. The Vital Records Office is now located in the Plato Building. You may request marriage records by mail or in person. Ramsey County marriage records: approximately 1850 to present. Price: $9 per copy.The Examiner of Titles and deputy examiners are attorneys appointed by district court judges to perform the judicial, administrative and legal adviser duties, pursuant to Minnesota Statutes 508, specified in the Minnesota Land Registration Act, also known as the Torrens Act.A county recorder will charge $50 to record a well disclosure certificate. Deed tax is calculated on the purchase price of the property, less any assumed mortgages and special assessments and taxes included in the purchase price. The rate of tax is $1.65 for each $500 of purchase price. Deed tax = Sale amount x .0033.Ramsey County Department of Property Tax, Records and Election Services 90 W. Plato Blvd PO Box 64099 Saint Paul, MN 55164-0099 For questions call: (651) 266-2050 or send an email to [email protected] Customer or Company Name: _____ Tax ID: _____Revised fee schedule was approved by the Ramsey County Board to lower costs for homestead land owners intending to divide their property. Document review-related fees. Subdivision plat and Registered Land Survey (RLS) Minnesota Statutes 383A.42, 505, 508, 508A. Fees determined by project area - Cost per submittal. 0-3 acres. Ramsey County Property Records are real estate documents that contain information related to real property in Ramsey County, Minnesota. Public Property Records provide information on homes, land, or commercial properties, including titles, mortgages, property deeds, and a range of other documents. They are maintained by various government ... Examiner of Titles. Learn more about the Examiner of Titles office. Initial Proceedings for the Registration of Title to Land. Proceedings Subsequent to Initial Registration of Land. Registration of Title without a Court Proceeding (CPT) Request for Deletion of Recitals or Memorials from the Examiner.Recommended and prepared by: Minnesota County Recorder’s Association Revised: 09-19-2022 . Document Standards Minnesota Statutes 507.093 — Standards for Documents to be Recorded or Filed (In Part) The following standards are imposed on documents to be recorded with the County Recorder or Registrar of Titles:Ramsey County Mn Criminal Records 📝 Sep 2023. ramsey county court records mn, ramsey county mn public records, ramsey county criminal record search, ramsey county mn arrest records, ramsey county public criminal records, ramsey county criminal court records, ramsey county property records mn, ramsey county records mn Fasti Romani, originally ... Changes to tax parcels from a split or combination are effective the following tax year. The timeframe for the completion of a split or combination can vary, depending on the time of year and/or the complexity of the request. Once the internal processing of the split or combination is completed, the old PIN numbers will show in the information ... Contacts & Locations. Our Customer Contact Center is a one-stop option for directing and resolving resident inquires Monday-Friday from 8 a.m.-4:30 p.m. 651-266-8500. Some county building locations are currently closed to the public, but our Service Centers and form drop-off sites are open to assist residents. Ramsey County Property Records are real estate documents that contain information related to real property in Ramsey County, Minnesota. Public Property Records provide information on homes, land, or commercial properties, including titles, mortgages, property deeds, and a range of other documents. They are maintained by various government ... Taxes & Values. Delinquent tax information. Homestead. Pay your property tax. Property tax exemptions. Property tax notices. Property value and assessment. Tax calculators and rates. Productive Properties (tax-forfeited land) information. Minnesota. Ramsey County. There are 2 Clerk Offices in Ramsey County, Minnesota, serving a population of 537,893 people in an area of 153 square miles. There is 1 Clerk Office per 268,946 people, and 1 Clerk Office per 76 square miles. In Minnesota, Ramsey County is ranked 86th of 87 counties in Clerk Offices per capita, and 2nd of 87 counties ...All divorce records are maintained at Saint Paul City Hall - Ramsey County Courthouse, please contact: District Court Records Center Saint Paul City Hall - Ramsey County Courthouse 15 W. Kellogg Blvd., Room 72 Saint Paul, MN 55102-1682 651-266-8237 Changes to tax parcels from a split or combination are effective the following tax year. The timeframe for the completion of a split or combination can vary, depending on the time of year and/or the complexity of the request. Once the internal processing of the split or combination is completed, the old PIN numbers will show in the information ...Aug 9, 2023 · Ramsey County Courthouse. 15 Kellogg Blvd W. St. Paul, MN 55102. Phone: 651-266-8500. Ramsey County Website. Clerk District Court has birth and death records from 1870, marriage records from 1850, divorce and court records from 1900, and probate records from 1849. The Vital Records office of the Ramsey County Department of Health provides Birth, Death and Marriage records. For assistance, please call (651) 266-1333 or visit the Ramsey County Department of Health website. Records Retention The District Court Record Retention Schedule sets the minimum retention period for court records. Please note that ...Ramsey County Public Arrest Records 🗒️ Sep 2023. ramsey county jail records, ramsey county public record search, ramsey county arrest records mn, ramsey county sheriff records, ramsey county criminal records, ramsey county criminal court records, ramsey county court records, ramsey county public court records Tofrik, about 1545 in Divers ... Review date – August 15, 2023. Index date – August 15, 2023. Mail date – August 15, 2023. Under Minn. Stat. 507.071, transfer on death deeds must: - convey or assign an interest in real property (subd. 2) - name one or more grantee beneficiaries (subds. 2 and 4) - explicitly state that it takes effect at the death of the named grantor owner (s) - comply with other Minnesota deed requirements including joinder of spouse in conveying ...The Vital Records office of the Ramsey County Department of Health provides Birth, Death and Marriage records. For assistance, please call (651) 266-1333 or visit the Ramsey County Department of Health website. Records Retention The District Court Record Retention Schedule sets the minimum retention period for court records. Please note that ...The Ramsey County Highway Department has numerous projects planned for the 2023 construction season. Location information is available on the linked m... 2023 Road Projects Map (PDF)... View All News. Ramsey County's departments are organized into four Service Teams and a Strategic Team. The Information and Public Records Service Team consists of the following departments: Communications & Public Relations. County Assessor. Information Services. Property Tax, Records & Election Services.Mail your request to: Ramsey County Marriage Records . 555 Cedar Street, Saint Paul, MN 55101. Author: Jana Soiseth Created Date: 5/22/2020 2:50:05 PM ... Ramsey County Vital Records are documents related to birth, death, marriage, and other milestones in a person's life that are recorded by the government in Ramsey County, Minnesota. A number of government agencies maintain Vital Records at the Minnesota State or Ramsey County level, and certain documents may also be housed by the National Archives. All divorce records are maintained at Saint Paul City Hall - Ramsey County Courthouse, please contact: District Court Records Center. Saint Paul City Hall - Ramsey County Courthouse. 15 W. Kellogg Blvd., Room 72. Saint Paul, MN 55102-1682. 651-266-8237.In June 2022 the Ramsey County Board of Commissioners passed a resolution to join the Just Deeds coalition in an effort to highlight the importance of discharging and releasing historical racial covenants on property records. The action aligns with the county's plan to build a foundation for more inclusive communities and eliminate future ...Accidents and inicidents. Courts and public defender. County Attorney. Sheriff. Detention and correctional facilities. Probation. Warrants, arrests and bookings. Victim & witness services. Increasing your safety. County Recorder 400 Benson Avenue Southwest Willmar, MN 56201 320-231-6223 www.kcmn.us. Kittson. County Recorder 410 South Fifth Street, Suite 202 Hallock, MN 56728 218-843-2842 www.co.kittson.mn.us. Koochiching. County Recorder 715 Fourth Street International Falls, MN 56649 218-283-1193 www.co.koochiching.mn.us. Top of page. L Lac qui Parle ...Under Minn. Stat. 507.071, transfer on death deeds must: - convey or assign an interest in real property (subd. 2) - name one or more grantee beneficiaries (subds. 2 and 4) - explicitly state that it takes effect at the death of the named grantor owner (s) - comply with other Minnesota deed requirements including joinder of spouse in conveying ...Foreclosed properties. Critical Corridors Programs. Community Development Block Grant (CDBG) Riverfront Properties. Boys Totem Town Site. Maplewood Properties. Development review guide and submittals. Land survey services (Surveyor's Office) Interactive property map.Examiner of Titles. Learn more about the Examiner of Titles office. Initial Proceedings for the Registration of Title to Land. Proceedings Subsequent to Initial Registration of Land. Registration of Title without a Court Proceeding (CPT) Request for Deletion of Recitals or Memorials from the Examiner.Jim has served Ramsey County for over 30 years and held the positions of Records Clerk, Community Service Officer, Dispatcher, and Account Clerk. Prior to joining the Sheriff’s Office, Jim worked in the Traffic Violation Bureau. He is well known for continuing to go above and beyond in assisting community members and employees. Ramsey County Divorce Records are legal documents relating to a couple's divorce in Ramsey County, Minnesota. They include the divorce papers that the couple files in Ramsey County Court, as well as any records created during the divorce procedure, and a divorce certificate. Minnesota State also collects and indexes divorce filings to help ...Police reports can be requested in person or online. In Person. 367 Grove Street. Saint Paul, MN 55101. 1st Floor Customer Service window. Monday through Friday, between the hours of 8am-4pm (excluding holidays) Fee is 25 cents per page, up to 99 pages; over 100 pages & more will be actual cost. Online, using the Saint Paul Data Practices Center. Ramsey County: Open until filled: Human Resources Payroll Accountant: MCIT: Open until filled: Human Services Legal Assistant Division Director: Ramsey County: Open until filled: Income & Healthcare Assistance Manager: MN Prairie: Open until filled; first review 9/14/23: Information and Public Records Manager : Ramsey County: Open until filledSaint Paul, MN 55102-1682. Phone: (651) 266-8237. The Vital Records of Ramsey County Public Health maintains all marriage, birth, and death records for the county. To request for these records in person, print and complete the right Request Application ( Certified Birth, Non-certified Birth, Death, and Marriage ).A county recorder will charge $50 to record a well disclosure certificate. Deed tax is calculated on the purchase price of the property, less any assumed mortgages and special assessments and taxes included in the purchase price. The rate of tax is $1.65 for each $500 of purchase price. Deed tax = Sale amount x .0033.402 University Ave E, Suite 100. St Paul MN 55130. (651) 266-2804. The Civil Commitment Court office processes and maintains petitions for Judicial Commitment filed in Ramsey County. The Civil Commitment Office is located on University Avenue near the Ramsey County Jail/Law Enforcement Center. Police reports can be requested in person or online. In Person. 367 Grove Street. Saint Paul, MN 55101. 1st Floor Customer Service window. Monday through Friday, between the hours of 8am-4pm (excluding holidays) Fee is 25 cents per page, up to 99 pages; over 100 pages & more will be actual cost. Online, using the Saint Paul Data Practices Center.Ramsey County Public Arrest Records 🗒️ Sep 2023. ramsey county jail records, ramsey county public record search, ramsey county arrest records mn, ramsey county sheriff records, ramsey county criminal records, ramsey county criminal court records, ramsey county court records, ramsey county public court records Tofrik, about 1545 in Divers ... Pay your property taxes online. Paying your property taxes is still provided through US Bank. To access the payment portal: Visit property tax and value lookup. Search for your property. Choose the correct parcel under "Property Search Results". Click "Pay Property Tax" button.Ramsey County Public Arrest Records 🗒️ Sep 2023. ramsey county jail records, ramsey county public record search, ramsey county arrest records mn, ramsey county sheriff records, ramsey county criminal records, ramsey county criminal court records, ramsey county court records, ramsey county public court records Tofrik, about 1545 in Divers ... Recreational Permits. Apply for water and other recreational permits. Apply for a picnic shelter or pavilion permit. Obtain a cross-country ski pass.Aug 23, 2023 · Under Minn. Stat. 507.071, transfer on death deeds must: - convey or assign an interest in real property (subd. 2) - name one or more grantee beneficiaries (subds. 2 and 4) - explicitly state that it takes effect at the death of the named grantor owner (s) - comply with other Minnesota deed requirements including joinder of spouse in conveying ... Ramsey County Department of Property Tax, Records and Election Services 90 W. Plato Blvd PO Box 64099 Saint Paul, MN 55164-0099 For questions call: (651) 266-2050 or send an email to [email protected] Customer or Company Name: _____ Tax ID: _____ The Vital Records office of the Ramsey County Department of Health provides Birth, Death and Marriage records. For assistance, please call (651) 266-1333 or visit the Ramsey County Department of Health website. Records Retention The District Court Record Retention Schedule sets the minimum retention period for court records. Please note that ...Virtual option. The County Manager and service teams will present their 2024-25 proposed budgets to the board of commissioners for review throughout August and September in the Council Chambers. Time. 9 a.m.-4:30 p.m. Location. Saint Paul City Hall - Ramsey County Courthouse. Sep.The Examiner of Titles and deputy examiners are attorneys appointed by district court judges to perform the judicial, administrative and legal adviser duties, pursuant to Minnesota Statutes 508, specified in the Minnesota Land Registration Act, also known as the Torrens Act.Checks should be made payable to Ramsey County, and our “ET” file number should be written in the memo line. The envelope should be addressed as follows: Examiner of Titles 90 West Plato Blvd., Suite 110 Saint Paul, MN 55107 All divorce records are maintained at Saint Paul City Hall - Ramsey County Courthouse, please contact: District Court Records Center Saint Paul City Hall - Ramsey County Courthouse 15 W. Kellogg Blvd., Room 72 Saint Paul, MN 55102-1682 651-266-8237 Ramsey County Marriage Records are official documents that contain information about marriages certified in Ramsey County, Minnesota. These include Ramsey County marriage licenses, certificates, registries, and vital record indexes. Marriage Records can show whether a wedding is legally valid, which may be required to obtain benefits related to ... Ramsey County Public Records. The North Star State. Official State Website; UCC Information; Name. Phone. Online. Report. Ramsey Assessor (651) 266-2131. Go to Data ...Jim has served Ramsey County for over 30 years and held the positions of Records Clerk, Community Service Officer, Dispatcher, and Account Clerk. Prior to joining the Sheriff’s Office, Jim worked in the Traffic Violation Bureau. He is well known for continuing to go above and beyond in assisting community members and employees. Ramsey County Sheriff. The Sheriff is Dr. Matthew D. Bostrom who is the 21st Sheriff of the county and has been serving since January 4, 2011. The address of his office is 425 Grove Street St. Paul, MN 55101 and the contact number is 651-266-9670. The Sheriff is responsible for providing safety through policies, maintaining trust through fiscal ...Property Tax, Records & Election Services is proud of its history as one of Ramsey County's founding offices. Since 1849, Property Tax, Records & Elections Services has overseen the services of property ownership recording, treasurer and auditor functions overseeing the collection, as well as balancing and settlement of all monies collected by the county.Ramsey County Recorder of Deeds Contact Information. Address, Phone Number, and Fax Number for Ramsey County Recorder of Deeds, a Recorder Of Deeds, at PO Box 64099, St. Paul MN. Name Ramsey County Recorder of Deeds Address PO Box 64099 St. Paul, Minnesota, 55164 Phone 651-266-2050 Fax 651-266-2066Ramsey County Marriage Records are official documents that contain information about marriages certified in Ramsey County, Minnesota. These include Ramsey County marriage licenses, certificates, registries, and vital record indexes. Marriage Records can show whether a wedding is legally valid, which may be required to obtain benefits related to ... Recommended and prepared by: Minnesota County Recorder’s Association Revised: 09-19-2022 . Document Standards Minnesota Statutes 507.093 — Standards for Documents to be Recorded or Filed (In Part) The following standards are imposed on documents to be recorded with the County Recorder or Registrar of Titles:
Documents that cover both registered (Torrens) and unregistered (Abstract) land must be submitted for Abstract recording and Torrens registration in one of two ways: Submit two sets of original documents and separate recording fees, one set to the County Recorder for Abstract recording and the second set to the Registrar of Titles for Torrens ... . Nemo
RecordEASE is the county’s commercial product for accessing land records maintained by the County Recorder and Registrar of Titles Office of Ramsey County. For a low subscription fee, users will have access to recorded documents and images in RecordEASE without having to visit our physical location. Patrick Chapman – Ramsey County Assessor. The Assessor’s Office estimates market value and determines property classification for property tax purposes. The office’s mission is to provide accurate and equitable valuation and classification of all real and taxable personal property located in Ramsey County.A county recorder will charge $50 to record a well disclosure certificate. Deed tax is calculated on the purchase price of the property, less any assumed mortgages and special assessments and taxes included in the purchase price. The rate of tax is $1.65 for each $500 of purchase price. Deed tax = Sale amount x .0033.Minnesota. Ramsey County. There are 2 Clerk Offices in Ramsey County, Minnesota, serving a population of 537,893 people in an area of 153 square miles. There is 1 Clerk Office per 268,946 people, and 1 Clerk Office per 76 square miles. In Minnesota, Ramsey County is ranked 86th of 87 counties in Clerk Offices per capita, and 2nd of 87 counties ...At that point, the penalty rate increases and interest is charged on the unpaid tax, penalty and fees. Interest: The current interest rate is 10 percent per year. The interest rate increases monthly. Fees: A delinquency fee of $25.00 is imposed to cover the costs of publication and notification. 2022 Penalty Schedule (PDF) Contacts & Locations. Our Customer Contact Center is a one-stop option for directing and resolving resident inquires Monday-Friday from 8 a.m.-4:30 p.m. 651-266-8500. Some county building locations are currently closed to the public, but our Service Centers and form drop-off sites are open to assist residents. Ramsey County: Open until filled: Human Resources Payroll Accountant: MCIT: Open until filled: Human Services Legal Assistant Division Director: Ramsey County: Open until filled: Income & Healthcare Assistance Manager: MN Prairie: Open until filled; first review 9/14/23: Information and Public Records Manager : Ramsey County: Open until filledContact Property Tax, Records & Election Services. * Indicates a required field. Name *. Email *. Phone number. Would you like someone to contact you?The types of records available are: Death records for all counties in Minnesota (1997 to present). Death records for Ramsey County (approximately 1870 to present). Certified death records. You must have tangible interest in the subject. Price: $13 one copy Each additional copy of same record: $6. Noncertified death recordsMinnesota. Ramsey County. There are 2 Clerk Offices in Ramsey County, Minnesota, serving a population of 537,893 people in an area of 153 square miles. There is 1 Clerk Office per 268,946 people, and 1 Clerk Office per 76 square miles. In Minnesota, Ramsey County is ranked 86th of 87 counties in Clerk Offices per capita, and 2nd of 87 counties ...Recorder's Office. Learn more about the Recorder's Office; Document Posting Dates; Access to Recorded Documents; Discharging Racial Covenants; Examiner of Titles. Learn more about the Examiner of Titles office; Initial Proceedings for the Registration of Title to Land; Proceedings Subsequent to Initial Registration of Land DSI: 375 Jackson, Street Suite 220 | Saint Paul, MN 55101 | 651-266-8989 SPRWS: McCarrons Center, 1900 Rice Street | Saint Paul, MN 55113 | 651-266-6350Contact Property Tax, Records & Election Services. * Indicates a required field. Name *. Email *. Phone number. Would you like someone to contact you? The Ramsey County Recorder/Registrar of Titles Office will reinstate RecordEASE Web access, search and view fees as of September 1, 2021. Please contact [email protected] with any questions. Subscription Fees. The monthly subscription rate is $25 per customer account.The Examiner of Titles and deputy examiners are attorneys appointed by district court judges to perform the judicial, administrative and legal adviser duties, pursuant to Minnesota Statutes 508, specified in the Minnesota Land Registration Act, also known as the Torrens Act.Founded October 27, 1849. For its first 100 years as a political entity, the history of Ramsey County was mostly the history of Saint Paul, the county seat and the capital of Minnesota. Fort Snelling, positioned nearby at the confluence of the Mississippi and Minnesota Rivers, dates from 1820, a time when the area’s Euro-American inhabitants ....